The medical abbreviation GERD stands for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease. GERD is a chronic digestive disorder characterized by the reflux, or backflow, of stomach acid into the oesophagus, which can cause irritation and inflammation. Symptoms of GERD may include heartburn, regurgitation, chest pain, difficulty swallowing, and coughing.
GERD occurs when the lower oesophagal sphincter (LES), a ring of muscle at the bottom of the oesophagus that normally keeps stomach acid from flowing back up, does not function properly. Factors that can contribute to GERD include obesity, pregnancy, smoking, and certain medications.
Treatment for GERD may involve lifestyle modifications, such as changes to diet and eating habits, weight loss, and smoking cessation. Medications such as proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) or H2 receptor antagonists may be used to reduce stomach acid production and alleviate symptoms. In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to strengthen the LES or repair a hiatal hernia, which is a contributing factor to GERD.